{"id":2113,"date":"2019-05-13T17:27:09","date_gmt":"2019-05-13T09:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/?p=2113"},"modified":"2019-05-13T17:27:09","modified_gmt":"2019-05-13T09:27:09","slug":"new-gene-metrics-eliminate-hit-miss-emerging-rice-breeding-technologies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2019\/05\/13\/new-gene-metrics-eliminate-hit-miss-emerging-rice-breeding-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"New gene metrics eliminate hit-or-miss in emerging rice breeding technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Using the new gene metrics in evaluating markers can pave the way for breeders to design better varieties through high-precision breeding programs.
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Smallholder farmers face an increasingly complex rice production system because of extreme events like drought, flood, or rising sea levels caused by climate change. To protect farmers from the effects of climate change and help them adapt to commercializing their production systems, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) explores innovative approaches in breeding programs to efficiently develop new improved varieties that produce high yield while surviving in harsh environments.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Since the 1990s, plant breeders have been using a method known as marker-assisted selection (MAS) to identify specific and usually rare genes for desirable traits such as disease resistance, grain quality, and flood tolerance. Breeders use naturally occurring differences in the DNA sitting next to these genes (known as SNPs, or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) as genetic markers to increase the accuracy and speed of the breeding process. However, in spite of its benefits, effectively using MAS remains a challenge in many breeding programs around the world.<\/span><\/p>\n
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\u201cThe unintentional use of ineffective markers has resulted in variable success with MAS,\u201d said IRRI breeder Joshua Cobb (photo above).\u00a0 \u201cThis uncertainty has led many breeders to have lower confidence in MAS and has made it difficult for them to justify the expense of deploying the technology at scale.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
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No longer a hit or miss<\/p>\n

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Recognizing this problem, IRRI developed criteria for evaluating the accuracy of molecular markers to improve MAS efficiency and reliability.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201cWould you ever buy a new phone based on the picture on the box?\u201d says John Damien Platten, a scientist at IRRI. \u201cBuying without knowing whether it is genuine or not would be risky and can have expensive consequences. Unreliable markers are a weak point in the use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) since it results in unreliable outcomes.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
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This is what breeders face when using MAS.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Dr. Platten and fellow molecular breeder Katreena Navea.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
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Drs. Platten, Cobb, and Rochelle Zantu propose five core metrics to fully describe the accuracy and performance of molecular markers used in MAS. In\u00a0Criteria for evaluating molecular markers: Comprehensive quality metrics to improve marker-assisted selection<\/em><\/a>, a paper published early this year in\u00a0PLOS ONE<\/em>, the IRRI researchers found that markers that score well on the metrics have far better reliability and improve the dependability of MAS as a breeding tool.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201cThrough the metrics, breeders will have a comprehensive and quantitative measure of the ability of a marker to classify if the germplasm has the needed gene,\u201d says Dr. Platten.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Consequently, breeders can have greater confidence in using the marker in their breeding programs.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201cIntegrating MAS with more recent advances in molecular breeding technology, such as genomic selection, can help accelerate the delivery of high-value varieties to farmers,\u201d says Dr. Cobb. Genomic selection is a type of predictive breeding that takes advantage of a genetic fingerprint to estimate the yield of a breeding line before evaluating it in the field.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201cThese metrics give us the language we need to accomplish that more confidently.\u201d Dr. Cobb adds.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Integrating MAS with more recent advances in molecular breeding technology, such as genomic selection, can help accelerate the delivery of high-value varieties to farmers.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
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Improving public sector breeding programs
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The metrics developed by IRRI are applicable across different marker types and platforms.<\/span><\/div>\n
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\u201cThis opens up opportunities not just for rice but for other crops as well,\u201d Dr. Platten says. \u201cUsing these metrics in evaluating markers can pave the way for breeders to design better varieties through high-precision breeding programs.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
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This translates to more efficient breeding programs that are responsive to the pressing needs of smallholder farmers around the globe.<\/span><\/div>\n
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Source<\/strong>:\u00a0IRRI<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Using the new gene metrics in evaluating markers can pave the way for breeders to design better varieties through high-precision breeding programs. Smallholder farmers face an increasingly complex rice production system because of extreme events like drought, flood, or rising sea levels caused by climate change. To protect farmers from the effects of climate change… Continue reading New gene metrics eliminate hit-or-miss in emerging rice breeding technologies<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nNew gene metrics eliminate hit-or-miss in emerging rice breeding technologies - agrinoon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2019\/05\/13\/new-gene-metrics-eliminate-hit-miss-emerging-rice-breeding-technologies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New gene metrics eliminate hit-or-miss in emerging rice breeding technologies - agrinoon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Using the new gene metrics in evaluating markers can pave the way for breeders to design better varieties through high-precision breeding programs. 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