{"id":2067,"date":"2019-04-26T17:28:49","date_gmt":"2019-04-26T09:28:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/?p=2067"},"modified":"2019-04-26T17:28:49","modified_gmt":"2019-04-26T09:28:49","slug":"research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2019\/04\/26\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\/","title":{"rendered":"Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/img.agropages.com\/UserFiles\/FCKFile\/zkc_2019-04-26_07-02-00_433.jpg\" width=\"731\" height=\"382\" \/><\/div>\n<div><em>Left: highly branched plants of teosinte, a wild relative of corn. Right: tiny pods on the vine of Glycine soja, wild relative of soybean. New research sheds light on how domestication affects the genomes of corn and soybeans. Photo by Sherry Flint-Garcia (teosinte) and Scott Jackson (Glycine soja).<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>New research published this week identifies the genomic features that might have made domestication possible for corn and soybeans, two of the world\u2019s most critical crop species.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>The research, published Wednesday in the peer-reviewed academic journal Genome Biology, has implications for how scientists understand domestication, or the process by which humans have been able to breed plants for desirable traits through centuries of cultivation. The researchers drew on vast amounts of data on the genomes of corn and soybeans and compared particular sections of the genomes of wild species and domestic varieties, noting where the genomes diverged most markedly.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Iowa State University researchers worked with scientists from the University of Georgia, Cornell University and the University of Minnesota. The researchers studied more than 100 accessions from comparisons of corn with teosinte, its progenitor species. They also looked at 302 accessions from a dataset of wild and domesticated soybeans.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u201cWe sliced the genomes into specific sections and compared them,\u201d said Jianming Yu, professor of agronomy and Pioneer Distinguished Chair in Maize Breeding. \u201cIt\u2019s a fresh angle not many have looked at concerning genome evolution and domestication. We searched for \u2018macro-changes,\u2019 or major genome-wide patterns \u2013 and we found them.\u201d<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Human cultivation created a bottleneck in the genetic material associated with corn and soybeans, Yu said. As humans selected for particular traits they found desirable in their crops, they limited the genetic variation available in the plant\u2019s genome. However, the researchers found several areas in the genomes of the species involved in the study where genome divergence seemed to concentrate.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u201cThese patterns in genome-wide base changes offer insight into how domestication affects the genetics of species,\u201d said Jinyu Wang, the first author of the paper and a graduate student in agronomy.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Variation in nucleotide bases between wild and domesticated species appeared more pronounced in non-genic portions of the genomes, or the parts of the genomes that do not code for proteins. The study also found greater variation in pericentromeric regions, or in areas near the centromere of chromosomes, and in areas of high methylation, or areas in which methyl groups are added to a DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing its sequence.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>The study looked at the occurrence of mutations in the genomes of the domesticated crops and their progenitor species.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u201cWe now think it\u2019s likely that good candidates for domestication, such as corn and soybeans, occupy a middle ground in their willingness to mutate,\u201d said Xianran Li, adjunct associate professor of agronomy and a co-corresponding author of the study.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u201cIf there\u2019s no mutation, then everything stays the same and we don\u2019t have evolution,\u201d Yu said. \u201cBut too many mutations can wipe out a species.\u201d<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>The study\u2019s findings pointed to important links between UV radiation from the sun and genome evolution. UV radiation is a natural mutagen, and it leaves a special footprint when it occurs, Yu said. The study\u2019s authors found many more of these footprints in modern corn and soybeans than their wild relatives.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Funding for the research came from the National Science Foundation, the Iowa State University Raymond F. Baker Center for Plant Breeding and the ISU Plant Sciences Institute.<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"tl clearfix mt10\">\n<h4 class=\"p-source c-999 cb pt5\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Source<\/strong>:\u00a0<a class=\"c-orange fs16\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/news.agropages.com\/Media\/MediaIndex-692.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iowa State University<\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Left: highly branched plants of teosinte, a wild relative of corn. Right: tiny pods on the vine of Glycine soja, wild relative of soybean. New research sheds light on how domestication affects the genomes of corn and soybeans. Photo by Sherry Flint-Garcia (teosinte) and Scott Jackson (Glycine soja). New research published this week identifies the&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2019\/04\/26\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"two_page_speed":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication - Agrinoon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2019\/04\/26\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication - Agrinoon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Left: highly branched plants of teosinte, a wild relative of corn. Right: tiny pods on the vine of Glycine soja, wild relative of soybean. New research sheds light on how domestication affects the genomes of corn and soybeans. Photo by Sherry Flint-Garcia (teosinte) and Scott Jackson (Glycine soja). New research published this week identifies the&hellip; Continue reading Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2019\/04\/26\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Agrinoon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-26T09:28:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/img.agropages.com\/UserFiles\/FCKFile\/zkc_2019-04-26_07-02-00_433.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/26\\\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/26\\\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/535254a24a4e1135afec5bcc244a5a8c\"},\"headline\":\"Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-26T09:28:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/26\\\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":598,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/26\\\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/img.agropages.com\\\/UserFiles\\\/FCKFile\\\/zkc_2019-04-26_07-02-00_433.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Industry News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/26\\\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agrinoon.com\\\/agriculture\\\/2019\\\/04\\\/26\\\/research-sheds-light-genomic-features-make-plants-good-candidates-domestication\\\/\",\"name\":\"Research sheds light on genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication - 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Right: tiny pods on the vine of Glycine soja, wild relative of soybean. New research sheds light on how domestication affects the genomes of corn and soybeans. Photo by Sherry Flint-Garcia (teosinte) and Scott Jackson (Glycine soja). 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