{"id":1183,"date":"2018-02-09T16:58:12","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T08:58:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/?p=1183"},"modified":"2018-02-09T16:58:12","modified_gmt":"2018-02-09T08:58:12","slug":"wheat-stem-rust-outbreaks-europe-fuel-industry-collaboration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2018\/02\/09\/wheat-stem-rust-outbreaks-europe-fuel-industry-collaboration\/","title":{"rendered":"Wheat stem rust outbreaks in Europe fuel industry collaboration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Keywords: wheat<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/img.agropages.com\/UserFiles\/FCKFile\/zkc_2018-02-09_14-56-00_993.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Multiple tube-like reproductive structures (aecia) of stem rust protruding from Berberis vulgaris. SEM photography by Kim Findlay, John Innes Centre<\/em><\/span><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>This information has been adapted from a <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seedquest.com\/news.php?type=news&amp;id_article=95538&amp;id_region=&amp;id_category=&amp;id_crop=\">news release issued by the John Innes Centre<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wheat stem rust resulted in small disease outbreaks in Western Europe recently. The industry has been advised to work together to develop the knowledge and tools required to keep this crop pathogen at bay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A single infected wheat plant was also discovered in the UK, at a site in Suffolk, in 2013. Although an isolated case, it is the first known example of the disease in the UK in over 60 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/img.agropages.com\/UserFiles\/FCKFile\/zkc_2018-02-09_14-57-03_416.JPG\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"509\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Erumpent stem rust pustules can be seen on the stems of a wheat plant found in Suffolk. Photograph courtesy of Paul Fenwick, Limagrain UK Ltd.<\/em><\/span><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Following genetic tests, led by Diane Saunders and Brande Wulff at the John Innes Centre, it was discovered that the UK strain belongs to the Digalu race of the fungus.<\/span> In 2013, this same strain caused small outbreaks in Sweden, Denmark and Germany, as well as major outbreaks in Ethiopia. Major outbreaks occur in higher-temperature climates, which favour the pathogen.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Although unlikely to be an immediate threat to UK production, predicted changes to the UK climate could make the conditions more conducive to the disease, particularly warmer temperatures.<\/span><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><br data-filtered=\"filtered\" \/><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/img.agropages.com\/UserFiles\/FCKFile\/zkc_2018-02-09_14-57-51_964.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"380\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/cereals.ahdb.org.uk\/cereal-disease-encyclopedia\/diseases\/black-(stem)-rust.aspx\"><em>Life cycle of stem rust<\/em><\/a><em>. Left-hand images show elongated blister-like lesions caused by stem rust on wheat. Photograph courtesy of Paul Fenwick, Limagrain UK Ltd. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The pathogen has not been a focus of breeding programmes in recent years. In fact, over 80 percent of UK wheat varieties tested are susceptible to this strain, according to results from Jane Thomas at the National Institute of Agricultural Botany. European wheat varieties also lack resistance genes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The good news is that scientists and plant breeders are now working together on genetic solutions, although such solutions will probably take a considerable amount of time to reach commercial wheat varieties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As wheat stem rust is closely related to wheat yellow and brown rusts (all Puccinia species), however, fungicides used in the UK, such as azoles, should control the disease, in case the disease returns to our shores. But, as with all disease challenges, genetic control is the ultimate goal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The role of common barberry in the life cycle of stem rust<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cereal rusts have complicated life cycles, involving five different types of spore and two hosts, wheat and common barberry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Common barberry was almost removed completely across much of England by the early part of the twentieth century, as part of efforts to reduce the risk of stem rust appearing on crops.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On barberry, unlike on wheat, stem rust completes its sexual cycle and produce a mass of genetically different strains. Fortunately, such spores only travel short distances (less than 20 metres). This differs to the genetically identical spores produced on cereal crops, which can blow on wind for thousands of miles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the last few decades, barberry shrubs have been planted to conserve an endangered species \u2013 <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/butterfly-conservation.org\/1866-1644\/barberry-carpet.html\">the Barberry Carpet moth<\/a> \u2013 at a handful of sites across the country. Diane Saunders\u2019 group is now working alongside farmers and conservation groups to map and sample barberry across the UK, as part of an effort to understand the shrub\u2019s potential to enhance rust pathogen diversity. <\/span><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<div class=\"toolbtns tl\">\n<div class=\"p-source c-999 cb fr pt5\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Source<\/strong>: <a class=\"c-orange\" style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/news.agropages.com\/Media\/MediaIndex-4275.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AHDB &#8211; Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pcfeed-tit mb5 mt5 pl20\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Keywords: wheat Multiple tube-like reproductive structures (aecia) of stem rust protruding from Berberis vulgaris. SEM photography by Kim Findlay, John Innes CentreThis information has been adapted from a news release issued by the John Innes Centre. Wheat stem rust resulted in small disease outbreaks in Western Europe recently. The industry has been advised to work&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2018\/02\/09\/wheat-stem-rust-outbreaks-europe-fuel-industry-collaboration\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Wheat stem rust outbreaks in Europe fuel industry collaboration<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Wheat stem rust outbreaks in Europe fuel industry collaboration - agrinoon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agrinoon.com\/agriculture\/2018\/02\/09\/wheat-stem-rust-outbreaks-europe-fuel-industry-collaboration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wheat stem rust outbreaks in Europe fuel industry collaboration - agrinoon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Keywords: wheat Multiple tube-like reproductive structures (aecia) of stem rust protruding from Berberis vulgaris. 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SEM photography by Kim Findlay, John Innes CentreThis information has been adapted from a news release issued by the John Innes Centre. Wheat stem rust resulted in small disease outbreaks in Western Europe recently. 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